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East North Central states

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
East North Central
Top, left to right: Chicago, Cincinnati, Cleveland, and Detroit
Composition
Metropolitan areas
Area
 • Total299,170 sq mi (774,800 km2)
Population
 (2020)
 • Total47,368,533
 • Density158/sq mi (61/km2)
Ethnic origins in East North Central

The East North Central states is a region of the United States defined by the U.S. Census Bureau, containing five states: Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio and Wisconsin.[1] These states border the Great Lakes, West North Central, the Southeastern, and Northeastern states; the Eastern North Central states also share a land border with Canada through Michigan's Upper Peninsula, southeastern, and mid-Michigan regions. As one of two subregional divisions used to categorize the Midwest, East North Central closely matches the area of the Northwest Territory, excluding a portion of Minnesota.

The East North Central states also form a large part of the Great Lakes region,[2] although the latter also includes Minnesota, New York, Pennsylvania and the Canadian province of Ontario. It has a low rate of population growth and the estimated population as of 2019 was 46,902,431,[3] though the 2020 census numbered 47,368,533 residents. The Great Lakes bordering the area provide access to the Atlantic Ocean via the Great Lakes Waterway and St. Lawrence Seaway, or by the Erie Canal and the Hudson River, or via the Gulf of Mexico from the Mississippi River and the Illinois Waterway. Chicago and Detroit—two of East North Central's largest cities—are among the major ports of the United States.

Culturally, this region of the U.S. has been historically influenced by the British and French; Anglo-American culture permeated states covering the region following the expansion of the United States. Religiously, the East North Central states have been and remain predominantly affiliated with Christianity. Altogether, the five states are majority Catholic, non- and inter-denominational, Methodist, Lutheran, and Baptist. The largest non-Christian religion has been Islam.[4]

History

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East North Central United States in 1908 from The Harmsworth atlas and Gazetter

During European colonization of the Americas, the modern-day East North Central states was occupied by numerous American Indian tribes; with the introduction of European Americans into the region, it was divided between the British colonial empire in America and New France. The western portion of this region formed part of French Louisiana,[5][6] and following U.S. independence, the eastern half was ceded to the United States from Great Britain.[7] Since American settlement, the modern-day East North Central states has remained the most populous division of the Midwest despite the overall region's low population growth rates.

Geography

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Geographically located within the North, East North Central is considered part of the Midwest and Great Lakes regions, sharing maritime and land borders with Canada.[2] As half of the Midwest, the majority of it shares a humid continental climate, and many of its coastal settlements encounter lake effect snow during the winter.

States in the East North Central region
State 2019 estimate Land area
Illinois 12,671,821 57,915
Indiana 6,732,219 36,418
Michigan 9,986,857 96,716
Ohio 11,689,100 44,825
Wisconsin 5,822,434 65,497

Demographics

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In 2010, the East North Central states had a population of 46,421,564; this grew to an estimated 46,902,431 by 2019.[8] By the 2020 United States census, the region's population increased to 47,368,533. Of its population, Illinois is the region's most populous with a 2020 population of 12,812,508.[9] Its least populous is Wisconsin, with 5,893,718 residents.[10] Chicago is the region's most populous city and largest metropolitan area. According to the 2010 American Community Survey, 49.1% of the residents were male and 50.9% were female. Approximately 24.0% of the population were under 18 years of age, and 13.4% were over 65 years of age, and the median age for the region was 39.2.

In terms of race and ethnicity as of 2012, White Americans made up 79.5% of the population, of which 75.7% were whites of non-Hispanic origin. Black Americans composed 12.1% of the region's population, of which 11.9% were blacks of non-Hispanic origin. American Indians and Alaskan Natives were 0.4% of the population and Asians were 2.7%. People who were of two or more races formed 2.1% of the population; and Hispanics and Latinos of any race made up 7.6%.[11]

Linguistically, English is, by far, the most common language spoken at home. Approximately 89.3% of all residents (38.3 million people) over the age of five spoke only English at home. Roughly 2,516,000 people (5.9% of the population) spoke Spanish at home and roughly 2,016,000 people (5.8% of the population) spoke another languages at home. Around 270,000 (0.6%) spoke German at home, although this figure ranges from 2% to 37% in Northeast Ohio, which is home to a large Amish community.[12][13]

Largest cities by population
City 2019 pop.
1 Chicago, Illinois 2,693,976
2 Columbus, Ohio 898,553
3 Indianapolis, Indiana 876,384
4 Detroit, Michigan 670,031
5 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 590,157
6 Cleveland, Ohio 381,009
7 Cincinnati, Ohio 303,940
8 Toledo, Ohio 272,779
9 Fort Wayne, Indiana 270,402
10 Madison, Wisconsin 259,680
Largest metropolitan areas by population
MSA 2019 pop.
1 Chicago-Naperville-Elgin, IL-IN-WI MSA 9,458,539
2 Detroit-Warren-Dearborn, MI MSA 4,319,629
3 Cincinnati, OH-KY-IN MSA 2,221,208
4 Columbus, OH MSA 2,122,271
5 Indianapolis-Carmel-Anderson, IN MSA 2,074,537
6 Cleveland-Elyria, OH MSA 2,048,449
7 Milwaukee-Waukesha, WI MSA 1,575,179
8 Grand Rapids-Kentwood, MI MSA 1,077,370
9 Dayton-Kettering, OH MSA 807,611
10 Akron, OH MSA 703,479

Politics

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Parties
Democratic-Republican Democratic Whig Republican Progressive
2020 United States Presidential Election Results in

East North Central

Party Total voters Percentage
Joe Biden (D) 11,828,484 49.8%
Donald Trump (R) 11,591,618 48.8%
Jo Jorgensen (L) 291,885 1.2%
Total 23,711,987 100%

There are also two deregistered parties that have active executive committees.

The Greens
Libertarian
  • Bold denotes election winner.
Presidential electoral votes in the East North Central states since 1804
Year Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin
1804 No election No election No election Jefferson No election
1808 No election No election No election Madison No election
1812 No election No election No election Madison No election
1816 No election Monroe No election Monroe No election
1820 Monroe Monroe No election Monroe No election
1824 Jackson Jackson No election Clay No election
1828 Jackson Jackson No election Jackson No election
1832 Jackson Jackson No election Jackson No election
1836 Van Buren Harrison Van Buren Harrison No election
1840 Van Buren Harrison Harrison Harrison No election
1844 Polk Polk Polk Clay No election
1848 Cass Cass Cass Cass Cass
1852 Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce Pierce
1856 Buchanan Buchanan Frémont Frémont Frémont
1860 Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln
1864 Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln Lincoln
1868 Grant Grant Grant Grant Grant
1872 Grant Grant Grant Grant Grant
1876 Hayes Tilden Hayes Hayes Hayes
1880 Garfield Garfield Garfield Garfield Garfield
1884 Blaine Cleveland Blaine Blaine Blaine
1888 Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison Harrison
1892 Cleveland Cleveland Harrison Harrison Cleveland
1896 McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley
1900 McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley McKinley
1904 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt
1908 Taft Taft Taft Taft Taft
1912 Wilson Wilson Roosevelt Wilson Wilson
1916 Hughes Hughes Hughes Wilson Hughes
1920 Harding Harding Harding Harding Harding
1924 Coolidge Coolidge Coolidge Coolidge La Follette
1928 Hoover Hoover Hoover Hoover Hoover
1932 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt
1936 Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt Roosevelt
1940 Roosevelt Willkie Willkie Roosevelt Roosevelt
1944 Roosevelt Dewey Roosevelt Dewey Dewey
1948 Truman Dewey Dewey Truman Truman
1952 Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower
1956 Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower Eisenhower
1960 Kennedy Nixon Kennedy Nixon Nixon
1964 Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson Johnson
1968 Nixon Nixon Humphrey Nixon Nixon
1972 Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon Nixon
1976 Ford Ford Ford Carter Carter
1980 Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan
1984 Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan Reagan
1988 Bush Bush Bush Bush Dukakis
1992 Clinton Bush Clinton Clinton Clinton
1996 Clinton Dole Clinton Clinton Clinton
2000 Gore Bush Gore Bush Gore
2004 Kerry Bush Kerry Bush Kerry
2008 Obama Obama Obama Obama Obama
2012 Obama Romney Obama Obama Obama
2016 Clinton Trump Trump Trump Trump
2020 Biden Trump Biden Trump Biden
Year Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Geographic Levels". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  2. ^ a b "The Eight US States Located in the Great Lakes Region". WorldAtlas. 2020-08-27. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  3. ^ "Table 4". FBI.
  4. ^ "2020 Congregational Membership". Association of Religion Data Archives. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  5. ^ "French Explorers and Colonists in the Illinois Country · The History of Southern Illinois · SCRC Virtual Museum at Southern Illinois University's Morris Library". scrcexhibits.omeka.net. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  6. ^ "iht1110409.html - Illinois as a French Colony". Northern Illinois University. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  7. ^ "A Brief History of Michigan" (PDF). Michigan State Legislature. 2001. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  8. ^ Bureau, U.S. Census. "American FactFinder – Results". Archived from the original on 2015-01-04. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  9. ^ "2020 Census Apportionment Results". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  10. ^ "Census: Wisconsin retains its 8 seats in Congress as South gains, Midwest loses". Wisconsin State Journal. 2021-04-29. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  11. ^ "American FactFinder – Results". Archived from the original on 2014-03-05. Retrieved 2012-02-25.
  12. ^ "Data Center Results". Archived from the original on 2013-08-15. Retrieved 2013-08-10.
  13. ^ "Amish Country and Holmes County | Ohio | Press Room | Fact Sheets". Archived from the original on 2011-12-30. Retrieved 2012-07-29.
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