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All Apologies

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For the Chinese film, see All Apologies (film).

"All Apologies"
Single by Nirvana
from the album In Utero
A-side"Rape Me" (double A-side)
B-side"Moist Vagina"
ReleasedDecember 6, 1993 (1993-12-06)
RecordedFebruary 1993
StudioPachyderm (Cannon Falls, Minnesota)
Genre
Length3:50
LabelDGC
Songwriter(s)Kurt Cobain
Producer(s)Steve Albini
Nirvana singles chronology
"Heart-Shaped Box"
(1993) 		"All Apologies" / "Rape Me"
(1993) 		"All Apologies (unplugged)"
(1994)
In Utero track listing
12 tracks
  1. "Serve the Servants"
  2. "Scentless Apprentice"
  3. "Heart-Shaped Box"
  4. "Rape Me"
  5. "Frances Farmer Will Have Her Revenge on Seattle"
  6. "Dumb"
  7. "Very Ape"
  8. "Milk It"
  9. "Pennyroyal Tea"
  10. "Radio Friendly Unit Shifter"
  11. "tourette's"
  12. "All Apologies"
Music video
"All Apologies" on YouTube

"All Apologies" is a song by American rock band Nirvana, written by vocalist and guitarist Kurt Cobain. It appears as the final track on the band's third and final studio album, In Utero, released by DGC Records in September 1993. The song closes the American version of the album, while non-US versions of In Utero feature an additional song, "Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip", which begins after approximately 20 minutes of silence on the same track.

On December 6, 1993, "All Apologies" was released as the second single from In Utero, as a double A-side with the song "Rape Me". It was Nirvana's final single before Cobain's suicide in April 1994.

Although not released as a physical single in the US, "All Apologies" became the third Nirvana song to top the Modern Rock chart, and reached number 32 on the UK Singles Chart. It was nominated for two Grammy Awards in 1995, and won a BMI award for most played song on American college radio during the eligible period from 1994 to 1995. It was also included on the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll".

No music video was made for "All Apologies", with Cobain explaining in a December 1993 MTV interview that he "hadn't bothered to come up with any ideas lately" because he had been "concentrating on touring."[1] MTV began airing a live version, recorded at the band's MTV Unplugged concert shortly before the single's release, as a music video instead. This version was released as a promotional single in February 1994, and also generated heavy airplay.

Early history

[edit]

"All Apologies" was written by Cobain in 1990. In a 2005 interview with Wes Orshoski of Harp, Nirvana drummer Dave Grohl recalled that the song was "something that Kurt wrote on [a] 4-track in our apartment in Olympia. I remember hearing it and thinking, 'God, this guy has such a beautiful sense of melody, I can't believe he's screaming all the time.'"[2] According to Cobain's manager Danny Goldberg in his 2008 memoir Bumping into Geniuses, Cobain "played the Beatles song 'Norwegian Wood' over and over, hour after hour" while writing the song.[3]

"All Apologies" was first recorded in the studio by Craig Montgomery at Music Source Studios in Seattle, Washington on January 1, 1991. This version, described by music journalist Gillian G. Gaar as "having a more upbeat pop-folk sound" than later versions, featured bassist Krist Novoselic accompanying Cobain on guitar, playing seventh chords behind the guitar riff, and Grohl's drumming accented by a tambourine.[4] The song was first performed live at the Wolverhampton Civic Hall in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England on November 6, 1991.

In Utero

[edit]
Scott Litt was hired to remix "All Apologies", along with "Heart-Shaped Box" and later "Pennyroyal Tea", due to concerns by the band that the vocals and bass were not loud enough in the original mixes by Steve Albini.

The second and final studio version of "All Apologies" was recorded by Steve Albini at Pachyderm Studios in Cannon Falls, Minnesota in February 1993, during the recording sessions for In Utero. The song, at that point tentatively titled "La La La", was recorded on February 14, the second day of the sessions.[5]

Cello

[edit]

The recording features cello by Kera Schaley, a friend of Albini's who at the time played in the Chicago band, Doubt. Schaley had initially been asked by Albini to compose a cello part for the song "Dumb", and after hearing what she had written, Cobain asked her to "play around with 'All Apologies.'"[6] As she recalled in a 2010 interview with Swan Fungus, "Most of the cello on that was me just messing around and then Kurt had me learn one specific line that he wanted everyone to be playing the same thing on. I sort of thought they were going to scrap the cello on that one, but it stayed in."[7]

In a 2023 interview with Rolling Stone, Schaley revealed that Albini was initially resistant to the idea of adding cello to "All Apologies." As she explained to interviewer Brian Hiatt, "Steve kept trying to talk [Cobain] out of putting cello on it," but says that "Kurt and I won in the end." According to Schaley, Cobain "loved the deep sound, like the really deep, groaning sound of the low notes. He was like, 'just lay on that for a long time.' And so I just laid on that low note for him. And I got some noise parts in there. I like making noise on the cello, too. And if you listen for some high screeching sounds at the end, that’s me."[8]

Despite the addition of cello, Albini was pleased with the recording, saying that he remembered "really liking the sound of that song as a contrast to the more aggressive ones" and that "it sounded really good in that it sounded lighter, but it didn't sound conventional. It was sort of a crude light sound that suited the band."[9] In a 1993 Rolling Stone interview, Cobain told David Fricke that songs such as "All Apologies" and "Dumb" represented "the lighter, more dynamic" sound that he wished had been more prominent on previous Nirvana albums.[10]

Remix

[edit]

The band eventually elected to remix "All Apologies", along with the album's lead single "Heart-Shaped Box", due to concerns that the vocals and bass were not loud enough in Albini's original mixes.[11] In a 1993 Guitar World interview, Cobain explained to English journalist Jon Savage:

"[The quieter songs on In Utero] came out really good, and Steve Albini's recording technique really served those songs well; you can really hear the ambience in those songs. It was perfect for them. But for "All Apologies" and "Heart-Shaped Box" we needed more. My main complaint was that the vocals weren't loud enough. In every Albini mix I've ever heard, the vocals are always too quiet. That's just the way he likes things, and he's a real difficult person to persuade otherwise. I mean, he was trying to mix each tune within an hour, which is just not how the songs work. It was fine for a few songs, but not all of them. You should be able to do a few different mixes and pick the best."[12]

The two songs were remixed by Scott Litt, chosen due to his work with American rock band R.E.M., in May 1993 at Bad Animals in Seattle, Washington.[13] A third song, "Pennyroyal Tea", was remixed by Litt in November 1993 in preparation for its release as a single. Novoselic defended the band's decision to remix "All Apologies" and "Heart-Shaped Box" by calling them "gateways" to the more abrasive sound of the rest of the album, and that once listeners played the record they would discover "this aggressive wild sound, a true alternative record".[14]

According to Goldberg in his 2019 Cobain biography Serving the Servant, Cobain was "euphoric" after hearing Litt's mix of "All Apologies", the first of the two songs initially remixed.[15]

Post-In Utero

[edit]

On November 18, 1993, Nirvana performed an acoustic version of "All Apologies" during their MTV Unplugged performance at Sony Music Studios in New York City. This version of the song featured Pat Smear on second guitar and Lori Goldston on cello.

"All Apologies" was performed for the final time live at Nirvana's last concert, at Terminal Einz in Munich, Germany on March 1, 1994.

Composition

[edit]

Cobain dedicated "All Apologies" to his wife, Courtney Love, and their daughter, Frances Bean Cobain, during the band's appearance at the Reading Festival in Reading, England on August 30, 1992. "I like to think the song is for them," he told Michael Azerrad in the 1993 biography Come As You Are: The Story of Nirvana, "but the words don't really fit in relation to us...the feeling does, but not the lyrics." Cobain summarized the song's mood as "peaceful, happy, comfort – just happy happiness."[16]

In a 2023 Rolling Stone interview, Azerrad speculated that the lyric "aqua seafoam shame" may have been "a reference to being in a hospital, with all those bland aqua-seafoam-colored walls and [Cobain is] feeling shamed because he’s there for his drug habit.”[17]

Release

[edit]

"All Apologies" was released as a double A-side single with "Rape Me" on December 6, 1993, on CD, cassette tape, and 7-inch and 12-inch vinyl record formats.[18] The only instruction Cobain gave the single's art director, Robert Fisher, regarding the packaging was that he wanted "something with seahorses".[19] Like its predecessor "Heart-Shaped Box", the single was not released commercially in the United States.[18] However, the song did peak at number one on the US Modern Rock Tracks Chart, remaining on the chart for 21 weeks and boosting sales of In Utero nationwide.[20] In February 1994, "All Apologies" was voted in as the number one most wanted song by listeners of the Hawaii Free Radio.[21]

"All Apologies" was nominated for a Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal and Best Rock Song in 1995.[22] "All Apologies" is also a BMI Award-winning song,[23] for being the most played song on U.S. college radio during the eligible period from 1994 to 1995.[24]

The B-side "Moist Vagina" was never performed live and released only on the All Apologies single. The song's name was changed to MV for discreteness on some versions. Most of the song is Cobain yelling the word "Marijuana!".[25]

Critical reception

[edit]

Everett True of Melody Maker named "All Apologies" the magazine's "Single of the Week", calling it "the most supremely resigned, supremely weary fuck you to the outside world I've heard this year," with "the most gorgeous, aching tune, an emotionally draining ennui."[26] In his review of In Utero for Rolling Stone, David Fricke called the song a "stunning trump card, the fluid twining of cello and guitar hinting at a little fireside R.E.M. while the full-blaze pop glow of the chorus shows the debt of inspiration Cobain has always owed to Paul Westerberg and the vintage Replacements."[27] Christopher John Farley of Time called it In Utero's "best song" and "a riddling, fitting ending to a great album."[28]

Legacy

[edit]

In 2004, Q ranked "All Apologies" first on their list of the "10 Greatest Nirvana Songs Ever."[29] In 2005, Blender ranked it at number 99 on their list of "The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born".[30] In 2011, it was ranked at number 462 on Rolling Stone's "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list, moving down seven spots from its position in 2004,[31] and first on the NME's list of the Nirvana's "10 Best Tracks."[32] Rolling Stone placed it at number 13 on their ranking of 102 Nirvana songs in 2015.[33] In 2019, The Guardian ranked it second on their list of "Nirvana's 20 greatest songs.:[34] In 2022, Pitchfork ranked it at number 140 on their "250 Best Songs of the 1990s" list, with Jayson Greene writing that its melody was "so simple it seems as though someone, somewhere, must always have been singing it."[35] The same year, Pitchfork readers voted it the 39th best song of the decade.[36] In 2023, it was ranked second on the A.V. Club's "Essential Nirvana: Their 30 greatest songs, ranked" list, with Stephen Thomas Erlewine calling it "a song so quiet that it almost plays as a hymn"[37]

"All Apologies" is included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's unranked list of "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll", along with the band's 1991 breakthrough single "Smells Like Teen Spirit."[38]

In pop culture

[edit]

Both the studio and MTV Unplugged versions of "All Apologies" appeared in an episode of the American drama television show Six Feet Under in August 2005.[39] The episode was titled "All Alone", a misrepresentation of the song's closing lyric, "All in all is all we all are."[40]

On February 4, 2018, an instrumental version of the song appeared in a Super Bowl commercial for T-mobile.[41] This version originally appeared on the 2006 album Lullaby Renditions of Nirvana, part of the Rockabye Baby! series of albums which reinterpreted songs by popular artists as lullabies, aimed towards infants. It also appeared in the 2015 Cobain documentary Montage of Heck, directed by Brett Morgen.[42]

Covers

[edit]

"All Apologies" was covered by Irish singer Sinéad O'Connor as the seventh track on her album Universal Mother, released in September 1994. A music video was made for O'Connor's version,[43] and it appeared in an episode of the American drama television show Big Little Lies in 2019, as well as the trailer for the A24 film Queer, directed by Luca Guadagnino, in 2024.[44]

The February 1996 release of jazz pianist Herbie Hancock's 35th studio album, The New Standard, included Hancock's "All Apologies" cover as the album's ninth track.

On April 10, 2014, "All Apologies" was performed by surviving Nirvana members Grohl, Novoselic, and Pat Smear with lead vocals by New Zealand musician Lorde, at Nirvana's Rock and Roll Hall of Fame induction ceremony at Barclays Centre in Brooklyn, New York. The performance also featured Annie Clark, Kim Gordon, and Joan Jett.

MTV Unplugged version

[edit]
"All Apologies (unplugged)"
Promotional single by Nirvana
from the album MTV Unplugged in New York
ReleasedFebruary 5, 1994
RecordedNovember 18, 1993 at Sony Music Studios in New York City
GenreAlternative rock, acoustic rock
Length4:23
LabelDGC
Songwriter(s)Kurt Cobain
Producer(s)Alex Coletti, Scott Litt, Nirvana
Nirvana singles chronology
"All Apologies" / "Rape Me"
(1993) 		"All Apologies (unplugged)"
(1994) 		"Pennyroyal Tea"
(1994)
MTV Unplugged in New York track listing
13 tracks
  1. "About a Girl"
  2. "Come as You Are"
  3. "Jesus Doesn't Want Me for a Sunbeam"
  4. "The Man Who Sold the World"
  5. "Pennyroyal Tea"
  6. "Dumb"
  7. "Polly"
  8. "On a Plain"
  9. "Something in the Way"
  10. "Plateau"
  11. "Oh, Me"
  12. "Lake of Fire"
  13. "All Apologies"
  14. "Where Did You Sleep Last Night"

Music video

[edit]

MTV began airing the MTV Unplugged version of "All Apologies" as a music video shortly after the concert was taped, which coincided with the release of the song as the second single from In Utero in December 1993.[45][46] In a MTV interview that month, Cobain revealed that he did not consider this version a strong performance of the song, saying that the band had "played that song a lot better before,"[47][48] but explained that he had been too busy with touring to come up with a music video for the studio version.[49]

According to American comedian Bobcat Goldthwait, however, who opened for Nirvana at some shows during the In Utero tour, Cobain had shared his idea for an official "All Apologies" video that revolved around him being drunk at a party. Goldthwait suggested that Cobain perform the song dressed as Lee Harvey Oswald, singing into the camera while putting his rifle together in the Texas School Book Depository from which he assassinated American president John F. Kennedy. Cobain told Goldthwait that MTV didn't allow guns in music videos, so Goldthwait suggested he use a pie instead of a gun, with Novoselic or Grohl playing Kennedy and being hit by the pie in the back of their head. Goldthwait said Cobain was receptive to the idea, despite no video being made.[50]

The MTV Unplugged "All Apologies" video was ranked at number seven on MTV's Top 100 Video Countdown of 1994.[51] It also aired on MTV Europe starting in February 1994 to promote the In Utero album and the studio version of the song which had been released as a single,[52] and was eventually placed into medium rotation in June 1995 as the third music video used to promote the MTV Unplugged in New York album,[53] following "About a Girl" in October 1994,[54] and "The Man Who Sold the World" in February 1995.[55]

Promotional single

[edit]

In addition to being aired as the song's music video, the MTV Unplugged version of "All Apologies" was released as a promotional single in February 1994,[56][57][58] and on the album MTV Unplugged in New York in November 1994.

In a February 1994 review of the song, Billboard wrote that "stripped to its basic elements, the song stands quite tall, and Kurt Cobain's rough-hewn vocal has many more shades and colors to enjoy. Already flooding rock radio, the task will be bringing this one to pop programmers—which seems like a distinct possibility".[59] According to a Cashbox article published the same month, the Unplugged version was "enjoying ultra-heavy rotation, stoking radio interest in the song".[60] The Unplugged version has reportedly gone on to receive more radio airplay than the studio version,[61] and appears on both of the band's greatest hits albums, Nirvana (2002) and Icon (2010).

In 2014, Kyle McGovern of Spin called the Unplugged version "the definitive rendition" of the song, writing that "its power lies in those chilling cello lines; the candle-lit intimacy that can be felt even without watching the iconic performance footage; and that final mantra, gently sung by Cobain and Dave Grohl: 'All in all is all we are,' an epitaph equal parts puzzling, comforting, and devastating."[62] In the magazine's 1995 review of MTV Unplugged in New York, Rob Sheffield wrote that the rendition "begins hesitantly, fingers tapping on strings in a brittle staccato, until Dave Grohl's elegantly brushed drums push Cobain into a terse valentine to a lover who has married him and buried him, a lover from whom he can't escape because after he'd tasted the joy of being easily amused, it hurts too much to go back to jaded detachment."[63]

Formats and track listings

[edit]

In Utero version

[edit]

Released as a double A-side with "Rape Me".

CD single and 12-inch vinyl

  1. A. "All Apologies" – 3:50
  2. A. "Rape Me" – 2:49
  3. B. "Moist Vagina" – 3:34

Cassette and 7-inch vinyl

  1. A. "All Apologies" – 3:50
  2. A. "Rape Me" – 2:49

MTV Unplugged in New York version

[edit]

US promotional CD single (released February 1994)[56][57][58]

  1. All Apologies. (Unplugged version).
  2. All Apologies. (In Utero version).

Charts

[edit]

Awards

[edit]

Unplugged version

Year Award Results
1995 BMI Award for most played song on college radio Won
1995 Grammy Award for Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
1995 Grammy Award for Best Rock Song Nominated

Certifications

[edit]
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[92] Platinum 70,000‡
United Kingdom (BPI)[93]
Sales since 2004 		Silver 200,000‡

‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Accolades

[edit]
Year Publication Country Accolade Rank
1998 Kerrang! United Kingdom 20 Great Nirvana Songs Picked by the Stars[94] 4
2004 Q High Spirits: 10 Greatest Nirvana Songs Ever[29] 1
2005 Blender United States The 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born[30] 99
2011 Rolling Stone Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Songs of All Time[31] 462
NME United Kingdom Nirvana: Their 10 Best Tracks[95] 1
2019 The Guardian Nirvana's 20 greatest songs – ranked![34] 2
2022 Pitchfork United States The 250 Best Songs of the 1990s[96] 140
The 100 Best Songs and Albums of the 1990s, According to Pitchfork Readers[97] 39
2023 The A.V. Club Essential Nirvana: Their 30 greatest songs, ranked[98] 2

Personnel

[edit]

Nirvana

Additional personnel

  • Kera Schaley – cello

Other releases

[edit]
  • The studio version recorded at Music Source Studios in Seattle on January 1, 1991 appeared on the "Deluxe" and "Super Deluxe" editions of the 20th anniversary version of In Utero, released in September 2013.
  • A boombox-recorded demo, featuring Cobain on vocals and guitar, appeared on the Nirvana box set With the Lights Out, released in November 2004. A sped-up version of the same recording appeared on the menu of the DVD included in the set. This recording was re-released on the compilation album, Sliver: The Best of the Box in November 2005. The demo is believed to have been recorded in 1992 or 1993.
  • The live version recorded at the 1992 Reading Festival in Reading, England appeared on Live at Reading, released in November 2009 on CD and DVD.
  • Albini's original mix of the Pachyderm version was released on the 20th anniversary "Deluxe" and "Super Deluxe" versions of In Utero. The re-issue also included a remix by Albini, done in 2013.
  • A live version, recorded at Pier 48 in Seattle, Washington on December 13, 1993 for MTV, was released on the live video Live and Loud in September 2013.
  • The 30th anniversary "Super Deluxe" reissue of In Utero, released in October 2023, included the band's full concerts at the Great Western Forum in Inglewood, California on December 30, 1993, and at the Seattle Center Arena in Seattle on January 7, 1994, both of which featured versions of "All Apologies."[99][100]

Cover versions

[edit]
Year Artist Album
1994 Sinéad O'Connor Universal Mother
1996 Herbie Hancock The New Standard
2011 Little Roy Battle for Seattle

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Hankey, Rick; Carr, Jennifer (2015). Kurt Cobain Talks Music Videos, His Stomach & Frances Bean (Video). MTV.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved June 6, 2023.
  2. ^ Orshoski, Wes. Dave Grohl: Honor Roll. Harp.
  3. ^ Goldberg, Danny (2008). Bumping Into Geniuses: My Life Inside the Rock and Roll Business (First ed.). Gotham. ISBN 9781592403707. Retrieved June 4, 2023.
  4. ^ Gaar, Gillian G. (2006). In Utero. United States: Continium. pp. 13, 14. ISBN 0-8264-1776-0.
  5. ^ Gaar, Gillian G. (2006). In Utero. United States: Continium. pp. 54, 55. ISBN 0-8264-1776-0.
  6. ^ evanhlevine. "Interview: Kera Anne Schaley (Diaper, Martyr & Pistol)". Swan Fungus. No. 22 March 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  7. ^ evanhlevine. "Interview: Kera Anne Schaley (Diaper, Martyr & Pistol)". Swan Fungus. No. 22 March 2010. Retrieved October 29, 2022.
  8. ^ Hiatt, Brian. "She Played on 'In Utero' — and Never Talked About It. Until Now". Rolling Stone. No. 21 September 2023. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
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  12. ^ Savage, Jon (October 1, 1996). "Kurt Cobain: The Lost Interview". Guitar World.
  13. ^ Gaar, Gillian G. (2009). The Rough Guide to Nirvana. Penguin. ISBN 978-1-4053-8119-2.
  14. ^ DeRogatis 2003, p. 18.
  15. ^ Goldberg, Danny (2019). Serving the Servant: Remembering Kurt Cobain (First ed.). New York: Ecco Press. p. 222. ISBN 978-0062861504.
  16. ^ Azerrad 1994, p. 32.
  17. ^ Hiatt, Brian. "'Kurt Was Jealous of Dave': New 'In Utero' Revelations". Rolling Stone. No. 24 September 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
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  20. ^ St Thomas & Smith 2004, p. 192
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  28. ^ Farley, Christopher John (September 20, 1993). "To the End of Grunge". Time. Archived from the original on March 20, 2007. Retrieved January 13, 2022.
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  30. ^ a b #99 in Blender's 500 Greatest Songs Since You Were Born
  31. ^ a b "The RS 500 Greatest Songs of All Time (1–500)". Retrieved on April 21, 2015.
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  34. ^ a b Petridis, Alexis (June 20, 2019). "Nirvana's 20 greatest songs – ranked!". The Guardian. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  35. ^ Greene, Jayson. "The 250 Best Songs of the 1990s". Pitchfork. No. 27 September 2022. Retrieved October 6, 2022.
  36. ^ "The 100 Best Songs and Albums of the 1990s, According to Pitchfork Readers". Pitchfork. October 25, 2022. Retrieved October 26, 2022.
  37. ^ Thomas Erlewine, Stephen (September 21, 2023). "Essential Nirvana: Their 30 greatest songs, ranked". The A.V. Club. Retrieved September 22, 2023.
  38. ^ "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll". Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. Archived from the original on June 28, 2011. Retrieved October 7, 2013.
  39. ^ Morrison, Angela (May 25, 2017). "All Alone is All We Are". Film School Rejects. Retrieved January 23, 2022.
  40. ^ Morrison, Angela (May 25, 2017). "All Alone is All We Are: 'Six Feet Under' and Grief on Television". Film School Rejects. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
  41. ^ Thomas, Helen (February 5, 2018). "Listen to this new baby friendly version of Nirvana's 'All Apologies'". NME. Retrieved February 7, 2018.
  42. ^ Trapp, Philip (February 5, 2018). "Lullaby version of a Nirvana song airs during the Super Bowl". Altpress. Retrieved February 6, 2018.
  43. ^ Schade, Alessandra (July 28, 2023). "Flashback: Sinéad O'Connor covers Nirvana's "All Apologies" in 1995". Alternative Press. Retrieved July 30, 2023.
  44. ^ Jones, Abby (October 29, 2024). "Watch The Trailer For Luca Guadagnino's Queer, Soundtracked By Sinéad O'Connor's Nirvana Cover And Featuring Omar Apollo's Acting Debut". Stereogum. Retrieved November 5, 2024.
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  46. ^ "Nationals - MTV - Heavies" (PDF). CMJ New Music Report. January 31, 1994. p. 40. Retrieved April 21, 2021. NIRVANA/All Apologies/MTV Unplugged
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  48. ^ Barone, Val (September 29, 2020). "Ranking Nirvana's 10 Best Songs By Youtube Views". TheThings. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
  49. ^ Hankey, Rick; Carr, Jennifer (2015). Kurt Cobain Talks Music Videos, His Stomach & Frances Bean (Video). MTV.com. Archived from the original on December 12, 2021. Retrieved July 12, 2018.
  50. ^ Here's What Kurt Cobain Originally Wanted to Do for the 'All Apologies' Video vice.com. Retrieved August 15, 2016.
  51. ^ St Thomas & Smith 2004, p. 225.
  52. ^
  53. ^
  54. ^ "Station Reports" (PDF). Music & Media. October 29, 1994. p. 26. Retrieved February 15, 2024. Buzz Bin
  55. ^ "Station Reports" (PDF). Music & Media. February 4, 1995. p. 44. Retrieved February 15, 2024. Heavy Rotation
  56. ^ a b "Single Reviews". Billboard. February 5, 1994. p. 71. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
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Bibliography

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