List of wars involving Spain
 | This article may require copy editing for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling. (July 2024) |
This list details Spain's involvement in wars and armed conflicts, including those fought by its predecessor states or within its territory.
Ancient
[edit]
Medieval
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Catholic Monarchy
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Habsburg Spain
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Bourbon Spain
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Restoration
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Second Spanish Republic
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Casualties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anarchist insurrections against Spanish Republic
(1932–37)
Location: Spain |
 Spanish Republic
 Communist Party of Spain
Supported by |
 CNT-FAI
Anarchist commune (1937) |
1° Victory of the Spanish State and repression of Spanish Anarchists. Divission between moderates which wanted to collaborate with Spanish Republic (Treintists and Possibilists of the Syndicalist Party) and Radicals opposed to the State (Faístas).
2° Truce between Anarchists and Republicans during Spanish Revolution of 1936. 3° Anarchists, Anarcho-Syndicalists Libertarian socialist and Libertarian Communism are defeated by Marxists Communists, Leninists and Stalinists during the internal conflict between left-wing groups during Spanish Civil War. |
|
| Communists revolts during Spanish Republic
(1932) |
Spanish Republic
|
Communist Party of Spain
|
Victory of the Spanish moderate left | |
| Militar Reactions against Spanish Republic (1932) | Spanish Republic
|
Monarchical and Right-Wing rebel forces | Victory of the Spanish Republic | |
Revolution of 1934
Location: Spain |
Spanish Republic
|
Asturian Workers Alliance
 Catalan State
|
Victory
|
|
| Extremaduran peasant rebellion
(1936) Location: Spain (Extremadura) |
Spanish Republic
|
 UGT
|
Peasant victory | 0 |
| Spanish Civil War (1936–39)
Location: Spain |
.svg){kind=small} Spain Republic
Supported by: Volunteers |
.svg){kind=small} Rebel or Nationalist faction
|
Nationalist faction victory
|
500,000–1,000,000 dead |
| 1936 uprising in Spanish Guinea
(1936)
Location: Modern Equatorial Guinea |
Spain Republic
|
Clerical Insurgents
|
Rebel victory
|
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Francoist Spain
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results | Casualties |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Spanish Maquis (1939–1965) Location: Spain |
 Francoist SpainSupported by:  Nazi Germany (1939–1945)  Fascist Italy (1939–1943)  United States (after 1953) |
Republican Partisans Supported by:  French Resistance (1940–1944) Italian Resistance (1943–1945) Soviet Union (until 1956)
|
Francoist Victory. Decline and eventual extinction of Maquis activity | |
| Carlist-Falangist internal conflict and conspiracies inner Francoist Regime
(1939-1950s) Location: Spain |
Francoist Spain
|
 Requetés/CT
Supported by:  Anti-Francoist Falangists
Supported by: |
Government victory
| |
| Spanish occupation of Tangier (1940–1945)
Location: North Africa (Morocco) |
 Spain
|
 Tangier International Zone
|
Inconclusive
|
|
| Eastern Front (World War II) (1941–1945) Volunteers only Location: Europe |
Axis powers
Axis puppet states Co-belligerents |
Allies
Former Axis powers or co-belligerents Aerial and naval only
Volunteers |
Soviet-allied victory | 22,700 |
| Ifni War (1957–1958) Location: North Africa (Morocco and Western Sahara) |
Spain
 France
|
 Morocco
|
Victory | 190 dead |
| Basque Conflict (1959–1975) Location: Spain (Basque Country) |
Spain
|
 Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
|
Inconclusive
|
|
| Pro-Moroccan Guerrilla Warfare against Spanish North-Africa[164]
(1968–1975) Location: Africa (Western Sahara and Plazas de soberanía) |
Spain
|
Supported by: |
Victory
|
|
Zemla Intifada (1970)[166]
Location: Africa, Western Sahara |
Spain
|
 Movement for the Liberation of Saguia el Hamra and Wadi el Dhahab
|
Victory
|
|
| Western Sahara Revolt (1973–75)
Location: Africa, Western Sahara |
Spain
|
Polisario Front of National Liberation
Limited Support: |
Inconclusive
|
|
| Anti-Spanish Terrorist Warfare in Western Sahara[167]
(1974–75)
Location: Western Sahara, Canary Islands and Mauritania |
Spain
|
Polisario Front
Pro-Moroccan Sahrawi nationalists
|
Inconclusive, mostly defeat | |
Green March (1975)
Location: Africa(Western Sahara and Morocco) |
Spain
|
MoroccoSupported by:
|
Inconclusive
|
Modern
[edit]| Conflict | Combatant 1 | Combatant 2 | Results |
|---|---|---|---|
| Basque Conflict (1975–2011) Location: Basque Country region (Spain and France) |
 Spain FranceSupported by:  European Union United Kingdom United States Canada
|
Euskadi Ta Askatasuna
|
Victory
|
| Anti-Spanish Terrorist Warfare in Western Sahara[167][169]
(1975–1987)
Location: Western Sahara, Canary Islands and Morocco |
Spain
Morocco
|
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
|
Stalemate
|
| As Encrobas Conflict
(1975–2007) |
Spain
|
Peasant revolters | Inconclusive
|
| Búnker's Confrontations
(1975–early 1980s)
Location: Spain |
Spain
Democratic Junta of Spain
Limited Support: |
Neo-Francoists
Limited Support:
|
Democratical victory
|
| Violence in Canary Islands
(1976–1979)Location: Canary Islands |
Spain
|
Canarian nationalists
Limited Support: |
Victory
|
| Bonito War
(1990s) Location: Atlantic Ocean |
Spain
|
United Kingdom
|
Inconclusive
|
| Gulf War (1991) Location: Persian Gulf (Iraq, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia) |
 Kuwait
United States
United Kingdom
Spain
 Saudi Arabia
France
 Egypt
 Syria
|
 Ba'athist Iraq
|
Victory
|
| Somali Civil War (1992–1995) Location: East Africa (Somalia) |
 United States United Kingdom Spain Saudi Arabia Malaysia Pakistan Italy India Greece Germany France Canada Botswana Belgium Australia
|
 Somalia
|
Victory
|
| Bosnian intervention (1992–1996)
Location: Balkans (Bosnia and Herzegovina) |
 NATO United Nations Protection Force
|
 Yugoslavia
|
Victory
|
| Turbot War (1994–1996)
Location: Grand Banks of Newfoundland and English Channel |
Spain European Union
|
Canada
|
Defeat
|
| Kosovo War (1998–99)
|
 KLA
|
Yugoslavia
|
Victory
|
1999 East Timorese crisis (1999–2005)
|
 East Timor
|
 Pro-Indonesia militias
Supported by: |
Victory
|
| War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) Location: Afghanistan |
 Afghanistan
 ISAF
|
 Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan
|
Defeat
|
| Operation Active Endeavour
(2001–2016)
|
NATO
Non-NATO:
|
Unspecified terrorist and smuggling groups | "Victory"
|
| Perejil Island crisis (2002) Location: North Africa, Perejil Island |
Spain
|
Morocco
|
Victory
|
| Iraq War (2003–04) Location: Middle East (Iraq) |
 MNF–I
 Iraq after the fall of Saddam Hussein
 Iraqi Kurdistan
|
 Iraq under Saddam Hussein
|
Coalition victory |
| Operation Atalanta
(2008–) |
European Union (European Union Training Mission in Somalia)
Non EU: |
Somali pirates | Ongoing |
| Boko Haram insurgency (2009–) Location: Sub-Saharan Africa (Mostly Nigeria) |
 Nigeria Cameroon Chad  NigerSupported by:  African Union Belgium Benin Canada China Colombia France Iran Israel Italy Spain United Kingdom United States
|
 Boko Haram
|
Ongoing |
| Libyan intervention (2011) Location: North Africa, Libya |
Many NATO members acting under UN mandate
and
 Anti-Gaddafi forces
 several Arab League states
|
 Pro-Gaddafi forces
|
Victory
|
| 2012 Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera incident (2012)
Location: North Africa, Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera |
Spain
|
Morocco
|
Victory
|
| Mali War (2012–)
Location: West Africa (Mostly Mali) |
 France Mali Chad Spain[177]
|
Ansar Dine
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb |
Ongoing |
| Central African Republic Civil War (2012–)
Location: Central Africa |
 Central African Republic
Formerly:  South Africa (2013)MISCA (2013–2014) MICOPAX (2008–2013) |
Coalition of Patriots for Change (since 2020)
Defunct groups: RJ (2013–2018) MNLC (2017–2019) MLCJ (2008–2022) RPRC (2014–2022)
|
Ongoing |
| Military intervention against ISIL (2014–)
Location: Muslim world (Middle East and North Africa, Caucasus and Southeast Asia) |
 United States Belgium (2014–17) Denmark Sweden France Germany  Italy Turkey (2014–17) Netherlands Jordan Morocco (2014–16) Spain[188][189] United Kingdom
|
 ISIL
|
Ongoing |
| 2017–2018 Spanish constitutional crisis
(2017–2018) Location: Catalonia |
Spain
|
Generalitat de Catalunya
|
Victory of Spanish Government
|
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See also
[edit]- Military history of Spain
- List of Spanish colonial wars in Morocco
- Anglo-Spanish War (disambiguation)
- Franco-Spanish War (disambiguation)
- Spanish–Portuguese War (disambiguation)
- Ottoman-Spanish War (disambiguation)
- Ottoman-Habsburg Wars
- Contemporary history of Spain
Notes
[edit]- ^ Fought against England during Despenser's Crusade.
- ^ Fought with England during the Caroline War.
- ^ Fought with England during Despenser's Crusade.
- ^ The only party under Francisco Franco from 1937 onward, a merger of the other factions on the Nationalist side.
- ^ a b c d 1936–1937, then merged into FET y de las JONS
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